Parents: Your child needs to be good at grammar

If are a parent of a school-going child, this post is for you.

My name is Amal Fabian, an English teacher with fifteen years of experience. An author of two books on English language learning: Q in the Garden of Grammar and Common Indian Errors in Business English. I’ve taught at British Council, Chennai. I’ve been a British Council corporate trainer in Delhi, where I’ve conducted sessions at MNCs, Indian companies, NGOs, and colleges. I’ve been an IELTS examiner in Punjab for many years. And I’ve been teaching students online from South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Can you guess what the main issue that all learners struggle with when it comes to learning English? Not vocabulary. Not pronunciation. The main issue is: grammar. Why? Because if your foundation in grammar is weak, it is difficult to improve your speaking, reading, writing, and listening skills. Your errors become fossilized. Whenever you communicate, grammar pulls you down.

The best time to learn grammar is when you are young. Your mind is fresh. And you are a student by profession. Parents, please remember this. Later on in life, as an adult it is very difficult to improve your grammar. You have lots of responsibilities. You are no longer a student.

Many people overestimate their English skills. People who are at the intermediate level feel that they are upper-intermediate speakers. Parents, keep this in mind: just because your child speaks fluent English, it does not mean that she is not making grammatical errors. These errors get recognized only when she takes an English-proficiency exam such as IELTS. Make sure that these errors are corrected before she takes any of these exams.

Whatever profession your child takes, it is highly likely that she will need to use English for the rest of her life. Focusing on grammar right now will be an investment that reaps benefits throughout her life. Your child needs to have a good knowledge of English to:

  1. Do well in exams such IELTS, TOEFL, SAT, GMAT, and GRE
  2. Make presentations and write essays at college
  3. Communicate with colleagues and clients at the workplace
  4. Travel abroad for work or leisure

To succeed in this age of AI, your child must have excellent communication skills and teamworking skills. This means that she needs to have very good language skills. And that means a solid foundation in grammar.

AI can be used to generate ideas and for routine messages. But beware. If your child is wholly dependent on AI, then her English skills will not develop. They will be stunted. There will come a time in the future when she needs to express her own thoughts using her own words. If her foundation in English is weak, she will find it challenging to express complex ideas and nuances. This may negatively affect her career prospects.

Dear parents, I hope I’ve made my case to you. Grammar is foundational when it comes to communicating in English. Make sure that your child strengthens her grammar. Here are some free websites you can access. When visiting the British Council website, you can check out the section for teens.

The takeaway from this post is this: learn grammar as a child. Do not struggle with it as an adult.

If you have any questions or comments, let me know!

Are you using the verb ‘enjoy’ correctly?

Enjoy

Which sentence is correct:

  1. The racoon enjoys to watch sci-fi movies.
  2. The racoon enjoys watching sci-fi movies.

The correct answer is sentence no. 2.

The verb enjoy is followed by a verb in the -ing form.

For example:

I enjoy swimming in lake.

We use the verb enjoy a lot when we speak. So, I want you to remember this:

enjoy + -ing form of the verb.

To consolidate what we have just learned, correct the sentences that need correcting.

  1. They enjoy paragliding.
  2. She enjoys to work in adverstising.
  3. I enjoy playing tennis.

Yes, sentence no. 2 needs to be changed to ‘working’.

Suggest

Now that we know about enjoy, how about suggest?

Which one is correct:

  1. I suggest to read the document more carefully.
  2. I suggest reading the document more carefully.

It’s just the same as enjoy. So, sentence no. 2 is correct.

The form is: suggest + -ing form of the verb.

Time to consolidate what you have learned. Correct where needed:

  1. I suggest to call the client tomorrow morning.
  2. They suggested visiting the warehouse next month.
  3. He suggests postponing the meeting.

Yes, sentence no.1 needs to be altered. I suggest calling ….

Verbs that use both

There are some verbs that go with both the infinitive and the – ing form of the verb.

For example:

I love going for a jog in the morning.

I love to go for a jog in the morning.

Both these sentences are correct. The same goes for ‘prefer’.

For example:

I prefer taking the train.

I prefer to take the train.

You can click away now–if you want to

If that is enough grammar for one day, I understand. After reading this paragraph, click away. Be sure to listen to yourself when using such verbs as enjoy, love, and prefer. Make sure to use the correct form. Bye.

When to use infinitives and -ing forms

If you are interested to learn more, stay for a bit. Roll up your sleaves. We are covering some nuances now.

With verbs such as like, love, prefer, and hate we use both the infinitive form and the ing form. But, there are differences in meaning. You could drink some virtual coffee to stay focused.

Are you feeling (virtually) refreshed? Good.

Let’s get back to talking about when to use the infinitive form and when to use the -ing form.

Read these two sentences:

  1. I like drinking black coffee.

This means that I enjoy drinking black coffee.

2. I like to drink two cups of coffee in the morning.

We use the infinitive form here because we want to talk about habits and choices.

Here’s another example:

  1. Do you like walking in the park?

The question is whether you enjoy walking in the park.

2. Would you like to walk in the park?

You are being offered a choice. Walk in the park, or not.

The end

I hope that last part was not grammar overdose.

Remember ‘enjoy’ is followed by the -ing form. The racoon enjoys watching sci-fi movies.

Remember that some verbs use both the infinitive and the ing forms. It depends what you want to express.

And just like that, your grammar improves!

If you like learning grammar, you could read this post on the state verbs.

Different ways of reading

While visiting the bookshop Rachna Books in Gangtok, Sikkim I saw these delightful readers. And that got me thinking of the various ways of reading.

That person in a brown robe with a pen in hand seems to be reading for detail. Intensive reading.

On the other hand, the owl behind him seems to be reading for pleasure. Could the owl be reading an engaging novel?

Let’s go through some different ways of reading. I’m sure you use many of these approaches, even if you are not be familiar with their names.

Different ways of reading

Scanning

You do this when when scrolling for a particular name on your phone.

When we are scanning a text, we are searching for a specific piece of information. It could be a name, address, number, or percentage. For example, at the airport, you may be scanning the list of flights on a screen. You stop when you find your flight number.

You may be scanning this post right now–searching for any new pieces of information.

Scanning is a useful sub-skill of reading. It saves time.

But, sometimes, you need to do more. Reading needs to be more meaningful.

Skimming

When you need to understand the main idea of a text–the gist of the text– then skim.

Here are some steps to follow:

  1. Read the title. Look at the photo (if there is one). Predict what the text is going to be about. Take just a few seconds to do this. This helps you prepare your mind to better absorb the text.
  2. Read the first paragraph. This will give you a good idea as to what the writer intends to say.
  3. Read the first sentence for each paragraph. This first sentence is a topic sentence. At times, you may need to read the first two sentences to get a good understanding of the topic of the paragraph. For the time being, ignore detailed explanations and examples. When skimming, you are searching for main ideas. No distractions.
  4. Read the last paragraph. That concludes the text and would contain the main takeaways.

Intensive reading

Remember your school days? The day before the exam–your nose buried in a text book. You were doing intensive reading. (I hope.)

This kind of reading is reading to understand the text in a detailed manner. You pay attention to vocabulary, grammar, information, and arguments. You make inferences. You try to absorb the text.

Adults may be doing intensive reading when reading a report. If you are a scientist, it could be a scientific report. If you work for a company, it could be the company’s annual report.

This kind of reading requires you to pay attention. To focus.

Extensive reading

This is my favourite kind of reading. Reading long texts for pleasure.

Nowadays, not many people read for pleasure, but they should. Reading a long article or a novel broadens your horizons. It makes you better able to relate to other people. Better able to empathize.

Extensive reading builds vocabulary. This is the best way to learn new words. You come across words in their natural setting–in a sentence. I have met students who prefer to learn new words from lists. That is not an effective way to learn new vocabulary. You need to find words in their context. Extensive reading is the answer to vocabulary building.

In this world of AI, it is important for you to be able to synthesize data. To connect the dots. To be creative. Extensive reading will help you.

Putting it all together

How do you usually read? Lots of scanning and some skimming?

Now that you are aware of these reading sub-skills, notice yourself when reading. How do you read?

When reading online articles, we could use a mix of sub-skills. Let’s apply those sub-skills to this article on language learning. Click on the link and quickly plan how you would read the article. Then return to this page.

Are you back?

Let’s look at how to approach the article together.

  1. Read the main heading. Look at the image. Predict what the article is about. For instance: I see a hand to a ear. Will the article talk about the importance of listening in language learning?
  2. Read the paragraphs under the heading: Language experts say you should learn in the right order and shift to a growth mindset. That will give you a good idea of what the writer intends to cover. Do keep in mind that in online articles paragraphs have become shorter, so you may need to read the first three or four (short) paragraphs to get an idea of text.
  3. Scan the sub-headings. Is there anything that interests you? If so, stop and do intensive reading. For example, I slowed down when I saw the sub-heading: How do humans learn languages?

Or

You could skim the entire text and then decide if you want to read any paragraph in greater detail. Skimming the text means reading the first sentence, and perhaps the second one as well. At times, the second sentence could be the topic sentence.

When you read next time…

Having a reading strategy helps you become a more effective reader. The next time you read an article or report, try the steps we looked at.

By consciously applying these steps you’ll use your time more efficiently. You’ll be better able to identify and remember key points. And then you could take a well-deserved break, just like that brown-robed person snoozing on the couch. Scroll up to see him.

Free webinar on language for meetings

When you participate in meetings and group discussions, how effective a communicator are you?

How do you present your opinions? Do you just state your opinion or do you use some phrases to introduce your opinion?

How can you make a powerful interruption? What phrases could you use?

In this webinar you will participate in a group discussion. The trainer will give you feedback on the language used. So, be prepared to speak!

If you want to improve your speaking skills, then this webinar could help.

Join the Learning English Webinars Whatsapp group for updates and the zoom link:

https://chat.whatsapp.com/K4bkPtUrf1r8H04OwR4ptq

Are you lovin’ it?

I’m sure you’ve seen this line below the golden arches before. McDonald’s has even trademarked it. Why is so catchy? Love is a state verb. That’s the short answer.

Let’s find out more about state verbs. These verbs fall into four categories.

The four categories of state verbs

  1. Mental states. This includes verbs such as know, think, and believe. For example: She knows a lot about astronomy.
  2. Emotional states, such as like, love, prefer, and hate. For example, I like to wake up early in the morning.
  3. The senses–see, hear, smell, and taste. For instance, this pizza margerita tastes delicious.
  4. Possession. Verbs such as: own, have, and possess. For example: I own a bicycle.

What you need to know

Here is your takeaway from this post. We do not add an ‘ing’ at the end of a state verb.

So, we say: I prefer speaking French. Not: I am preferring speaking French.

We say: Yoko has a degree in chemistry. Not: Yoko is having a degree in chemistry.

But, wait a second. Can’t I say: I’m having a snack? Yes, you can.

In this case, ‘having’ is not a state verb–it’s an action verb. Action verbs are verbs such as walk, talk, and sleep. With action verbs, we can add an ‘ing’ to show an action over a period of time. For example: He is walking in the garden.

I’m having a snack = I am eating a snack.

‘Having’ here is an action verb. It is not a state verb. Does that make sense?

Now, what about I’m loving it? Is ‘love’ a state verb or an action verb? Yes, it is a state verb. Usually, if we were to follow the rules of grammar, we would not add an ‘ing’. It should be: I love it.

Yawn. That sounds so ordinary.

The line–I’m loving it–bursts into your mind. Why? Because it sounds fun. It sounds different. By breaking the rules of grammar, this line becomes memorable.

The next time you see ‘I’m lovin it’, think about state verbs. Recollect the rule about not using ‘ing’. You’ll appreciate why that grammatically incorrect sentence deserves to be trademarked.

By the way, the use of love in the ‘ing’ form has become more common. You may here the sentence, ‘I’m loving your work’. So, using ‘loving’ may not raise eyebrows from English teachers, as it would have in the past.

As that well-known philosopher, Bob Dylan, once sang: The times, they are a-changin’.

Image credit: World Vector Logo

The magic of the second conditional

Two people on Mars looking up at the sky thinking of Earth.

If you lived on Mars, would you miss earth?

If. That one-syllable word opens the door to a world of imagination.

Whenever we read a novel or watch a Netflix series, we slip into the unreal world defined by if.

The second conditional is about imaginary or unreal situations. Just like the image above of the two people on Mars gazing up in the direction of earth.

The form of the second conditional is:

if + past tense, would + bare infinitive

If you lived on Mars, would you miss earth?

If you enjoy stories, plays, and films, then the second conditional is for you.

But, the second conditional can multi-task. In fact, there are many occasions where you can use this conditional at work.

Three ways to use the second conditional at work

Giving advice or making a suggestion

If you want to give advice in a tactful way, you could say:

If I were you, I would send the data to HQ by this afternoon.

Doesn’t that sound better than saying:

You should send the data to HQ by this afternoon.

You could use the second conditional with colleagues and with people who report to you. When you say, if I were you, you are putting yourself in their shoes. In a sense, you are nudging them to do something. Nudging is good, right?

Brainstorming

If we opened pop-up restaurants in all major cities, would people try the food?

If we offered a discount for the festive season, would we liquadate all our stock?

If the ad campaign focused only on Instagram, would we reach our target audience?

What do you think of these three second conditional sentences?

To my mind, these sentences invite thoughtful discussion. They ask the people in the room to consider other possibilities. The space for interaction and ideas expands. Thinking caps are put on.

Can you picture yourself using a second conditional sentence in your next meeting?

Proposing a solution

If we added two more associates to the team, would the client agree?

If the factory increased capacity utilization by 10%, would they deliver the shirts by Christmas?

Perhaps you wish to make a proposal. Using the second conditional is an indirect way of doing so. Just like in the case of brainstorming, it promotes meaningful discussion.

If you want to reach a consensus in the team, use the second conditional. It is an inclusive way of arriving at a decision.

Takeaway

Using the second conditional makes you sound more professional. By asking these tentative questions, you soften your language. You become more inclusive. You encourage meaningful conversations.

If that is the kind of person or leader you wish to be, then use the second conditional at least once today.

You can scroll up to review how to make a second conditional sentence–go to the form.

Since you’ve read till the end, I have a bonus for you.

The next time you hear the song, If I were a boy, you’ll be able to identify which conditional it is in. Wouldn’t that feel satisfying?

Thanks for singing the second conditional, Beyonce!

In this post, we have looked at the second conditional. Here are posts on two other conditionals — the zero conditional and the first conditional. If I were you, I would….

What is the zero conditional?

The photo is of a shop promotion.

This photo is from a local neighborhood shop. To read the offer fully, it would be–if you buy 3 shirts, you get five shirts. Presto! And just like that, we have a sentence in the zero conditional.

The zero conditional is used to convey 100% certainty.

For instance, these sentences are in the zero conditional:

Condition, result

If you freeze water, it becomes ice.

When you melt ice, it becomes water.

The first part of the sentence is the condition. If that condition is met, the result is guaranteed.

In case you are itching to make more sentences in the zero conditional, use this form:

If + present simple, present simple

If you heat pure gold to 1064oCelsius, it melts.

As can be seen from these sentences above, the zero conditional is used for scientific facts.

I can hear you thinking…. This post is about melting ice and gold. What does this have to do with me?

As you now know, we use the zero conditional when talking about a result that we are a 100% sure of. So, we can use it for rules, policies, laws, and procedures. Has anyone told you this zero conditional sentence?

‘If you don’t update your password, you can’t access your account.’

Now, doesn’t that sound all too familiar? And I’m sure we have all read something along these lines–

If you wish to cancel your subscription, click the button below.

Yes, you have been reading zero conditional sentences for quite a while. And, the next time you spot an irresistible offer such as buy 1,get 1 free— you’ll know which conditional it is!

If you wish to know about the first conditional, click here.

Do you do a lot of brainstorming at work? If yes, then the second conditional is what you could use.

Do you use the first conditional?

Sign that is an example of the first conditional

If car is parked here, tyres will be deflated.

Gulp… These people mean business. That is a no-nonsense message. Nobody would dare park their car near that sign.

You may have noticed that there are some grammatical and spelling errors in this memorable line. Let’s clean it up.

If you park your car here, its tires will be deflated.

Luckily for us, this sentence is in the first conditional, providing a teaching moment.

The first conditional is about things that are likely to happen in the future.

There are two components in the first conditional.

The first is the condition–if clause. And the second is the result–will clause.

condition / result

If you park your car here, its tires will be deflated.

The form is: if + present simple, will + infinitive

Could we use the first conditional in our daily lives? The answer is: yes.

Here are some examples:

If the client asks for a further discount, we’ll have to walk away.

If that movie comes to town, I’ll watch it.

You can switch the clauses around as well.

We’ll have to walk away if the client asks for a further discount.

Note that here, we do not need to use a comma to divide the two clauses.

As you can see, there are many instances when we can use the first conditional–at work and outside.

When do you use the first conditional?

Now that you know about the first conditional, you’re all set to find out about the zero conditional. It’s all about facts.

If on the other hand, you wish to enter the world of speculation, consider using the second conditional.